Railroad-rail.



UNITED sTATEs- PATENT FFICE.- 7

WILLIAM GOLDIE, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

i l l BAlLno-AD-nAiL.

specification of wm rimas. i t Anuman ma April 24, nos. sum n. 297.195.

ratsam uw'. 6,1601.

To all whom it may concern: A

Be it knownthat I,W1LL`1AM Gomma, a

' resident of Wilkinsburg, in the count of Alle,

gheny and State of Pennsylvania, ave invented a new and useful Imrovementinw Railroad-Rails; and I Vdo here y declare the following to'bea full, clear, and exact descri tion thereof. y Y,

y invention relates' to-railroad-rails, its

' object being 'to provide a rail of a high de ee of stiffness tosustain vthe loads to W lch tracksare now subjected through theincreased weight Vof locomotives,'cars, and the loads carrie therein andthe increased s' eedl of trains. It has for its object to provlde a railin which the rail-head can .be so rolledas to be yincreased in toughnessand wearin f qualities,I though not 'necessarily increase in Weight ofhead, While on account of the rail-section it may be formed of a harder'positions, and the rail, if desired, being made reversible to providedouble wearing-surface, and in this Wal l increase of life. l l

As the Weig tand speed of trains have in-I creased in late years,railroads have endeavored to provide'rails stiff and strong enough tosustam the same by the emplo ent of heavier rails -fhavin Widerbaseanges to rest upon the ties; ut practical difficulties have been metwith on account ofthe greater bulk of metal in the practically s uarerailheads and the develo ment of l t ese Widev ianges ory bases. of railthe reduction of the metal in the head4 is not so great as, to give theproper compactinglv of the metal, and as the rail-head is of nearly asgreat depth as width the great bulk of metal in the thick rail-head hasa tendency in cooling toanneal such head and leavelt soft and l1nv,condition for rapid wear. The

" widerail-base, rolled thin tok obtain the desired width, cools 'morerapidly than the. bulky rail-head, and thel Whole ody of the` ,frailcurves or is thrown on a 'camber incoolwhich develops internal strains,4and vention it is believed In* t e rolling of this class such railshave to-be straightened under powerul presses, which increases the'internal such cracks being the main source of broken rails and the many,accidents caused thereby.

.Where this rail isof steel of the ordinary carstrains. 0n account ofthe internal strains bon, on account of the annealing of the head g itis found that the rails wearve the1r life being much shorter than t erails of smaller sectlon, which are, however, too light rapidly,

to carry the heavy loads of the present day. x

of the heavy rail, to. giveV eater hardness, the carbon, manganeseangl-other elements have been increased in the steel from which the'rails are rolled; but it has been found that this increases theliability'toI rail breaka e `In the endeavor to'overcome this rapid wearand accident, .because in such harder rails t e cracks develops-d, asabove stated, `extend more quickly t ou h the rail-body under the jarsand blows of t e passing tram. One-of the most difficultproblemspresented to the railroads at 'the present day is to provide astiff rail sufficient to carry the load and yet of high wearin qualityand free from internal strain or lia illty to cracking and one which canbe easily laldand repaired. By my inthat these requlrements are met.

It consists, generally stated a railroadrail having a web portion and aWide and thin bilaterally symmetrical head, the width of the head be'approximately three times its depth or thic ess, such construction ofhead providing the necessary body of metal toca the load and on accountof the de- .crease thickness of the head providing for eater compressingor working of the metal ig; rolling', so giving a iiner texture of metaland greater wearing qualities in the head and also providing for morerapid cooling of the head, which action further increases the wearingqualities, while the rail carries the load in such way as to givealgreater angleof lateral resistance on curves and in like positions. l

It also consists in forming this rail with a lbase 'containingsubstantiallythe' same bulk of metal as and a proximately the sha e ofthe head (the rai eing preferabl mage as a double-headed rail with botIOO heads of the same bulk and sha l)--th at is,

ge portions to` prevent the deve opment ing of the rai without 'theformationoff great internal strains, overcomin entirely or to a greatextent curvin in coo ing and .thee diiiiculties arising there om.I:It-.also consists yin v.certain other i improve-v ments, ashereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, 'Fi ure 1 is a vertical cross-section of arail em odying fthe invention, together with'the 'supportinglchair orbase-bar preferably used therewit 'Fig 2 `is a like view, on a smallerscale, show- =ing another form of such rail; and Fig.3 is asectiondllustrating another form. offrail embodying :the invention.

' The rail embodying-the invention, as illus- `trated inFig. 1 Aof thedrawings, is of the dou- `ble+headed type, having the web portion 2 landtwoV heads 3 4 of identical shape, one headbeing utilized as thebaseband restingin lthe 1rail-supporting base-bar or chair 5. 'Theserail-heads are bilaterally symmetlrical-that is, of the same form oneach sideof 'the vertical central line-to adapt them for use intheordinary steam-railroad-track.

As shown in the drawings, 'the rail-head is 'made wide and thin, :thewidth of said rail- .'head being approximately lthree times its depth orthickness. rThis is illustrated by zd'ottedlines 6 7. 'In `suchconstruction of rail-head from-the central vertical line ofthe rail-headits top face has a slight downward vincline 8 towardthe outer edge orface 9 'of :the head, and under said outer edge or side vface 'the bodyoffthe rail-head .is carriedback on a'slight incl-ine, as at '10,towardthe web, being connected therewith bylthe fillet 11. 'In therolling of rails ofthis section it is evident that in developing thewide thin head Jp'ortionthemetal is much more compressed or worked inrolling than in developing a lrail-head -ofpractically fsfiare section,and

:such,.increased workin ro ing increasesthe wearing qualities of therail-head. Further, because I'of the'decreased :thickness -of therail-head it will cool much more -rapidl .thanthe ordinary rail-head ofthe same bulli and of practically square section, andthe liabilityofi-annealing during cooling found `in suchsquare-headed rail-istherefore lar ely 'done away with, `While the surface meta on account'of the morerapid cooling is harder andof greater wearing quality.*Where a railehead of such structure is em loyed with the fordinarywide'thin-edged rai base 12, as in Fig. 3, itis evident that becausethis railhead approaches in .section more closely to 'itsrail-base andAbecause-'ofthe thinnin of such rail-head :and the. morezrapid 'coo ingthereof' the-rail will befree to some extent *from the 4internalstrains. present on account lof the difference zin sectionbetween-therailvhead and its baseand the relative difference dncdolingthere'of. I"I prefer, however, as

above -stated,to em loy a double-headed -rail, as illustrated in ig. 1,and in that case, fasibothhead and `base-or bothfheads are of the samesection and both of these sections provide for rapid cooling, it isevident that the rail will be practically free from internalstrainandthat liability to cunvaor oamber in cooling will be largely, ifnot entirely, over come, while the thick edge portions of the heads willnot be liable to develo cracking in use, and liability to rail breakagefrom such-causes'will therefore-be reduced yto a minimum. l"Whereaf-iia'rf-faced rail-base isto be employed, I prefer toemployitlie section of Fig.' 2. v'Ihis'section caribe made withltherail-base' 13, containing -practicallythe saine amount or bulkof metalas the head portion 14, and the edge portions 15 can bemade-sothickthatithere is little liabilityv of cracki-ng, first, because ofthethickness ofthe metal at the edges, while the rail head and baseapproach each otherso n early-in section 'that `vthey-will cool withlittle'or no :cainber or strain; Suchrail-section forms the subject vof-another application of even date herewith, Serial No. 257,136.

YIn-securing 'the-rails to the ties anyfsuiltable form of rail-suportingchair, plate, or Abase-bar may-be use I have illustratedin Figs. 1and 2 a section ofa continuous r il- -Supporting base-bar' 5, which is`the subject of another application yof evendate herewith, SeriallNo.257,138. In -suchV-base-bar the seat l-corresponds to the outerportionand sides ofthe head 4of the' doublerail or the base and sides :of theother-forms ofrail and provides means for fastening therail to thear,suchmeans being illustratedin the form of clips 17, extending overthe top of the-railbase and held bybolts 18. `Such 'sections may beemployed as rail-:chairs if it is not desired to employ thecontinuous-running rail-su porting bar.

Infhiig. 3 I have illustrated'the-rail ass-upportedupon the formoffcontinuou's base-bar 1Q-set forth -in Letters Patent-No. 758,523,

f-grantedto me Aprilf26, i904, -therailbeing secured' thereto byyspiking.

' The rail above illustrated-has many'ad-vantages 'over the ordinaryrail-section now'in .practically universal use in America. vIn additionto the fact ofthe-increased working and the more rapid cooling of `therail-head it becomes practicable to-em'ploy ina rail of this section an-increasedwpercentage ofcar bon and other hardening i elements, thusincreasing the hardness -and- -wearing ualities of the rail and-largelyincreasing its 1i e'while largely overcoming-liability to -railbreakage, as above stated. The rails illustratedin Figs. L and 2 arealso -of-such sectionthat even if rail breakage? should occur, if seated`in and'held by the rail-supporting base-bar 5,

lthe-rail would be scheld to place thatlability of`injury-fromsuchfbroken rail would be rethan the ordinary rail-sectionthe load is carried closer to the inner ed e of the rail-base, beingcarried about centra y of the rail-head, so that the Wei ht of the trainhas a greater tendency to hold down the inner portion of the rail-base,and so hold, the rail in osition on the tie, or the rail-supporting cairs or base-bar, and less tendency to force the railheadoutwardly underthe lateral strain in assing around curves or in like positions. or thisreason it is ossible to employ the rail-section'illustrate in Fig 2 withan ordinary tie or tie-plate, While with the rail-sectionillustrated iny1, Where the doubleheaded rail is pro erly 'supported in chairs orbase-bars, a muc greater angle of resistance to spreadingof the rail isprovided th'rough the combined rail and chair.

What I claim is-'- 1 1. A railroad-rail having a eb portion and a wideand thin bilaterally-symmetrical head having a continuously-curvedconvex upper wearing-face.`

2. .A railroad-rail having va web portion and a Wide and thinbilaterally-syrnmetrical head, the Width of the head being approximatelythree times its depth or thickness'.

3. A railroad-rail having a Web portion and a.wide,and thinbilaterally-symmetrical head, and a base contai substantiall A the samebulk of metal as the ead, the widt of the head being approximately threetimes its depth or thickness.

4. A double-headed railroad-rail having a web ortion the heads beingwide and thin and liilatera y-symmetrical and having coninuously-curvedconvex upper wearing-l aces.

5. A double-headed railroad-raillhavin la web ortion, the heads-be' wideand and ilaterallyl symmetric the Width of each head beinlpproximatelythree times its depth or thic ess.

6.` A railroad-rail having a web portion and a wide and thinbilaterally-symmetrical head having a 'continuously-curved' convex u perWearing-face, -and a base ha thick e ge ortionscorresponding'substantially to the e ge portionsof the rail-head;

7. A railroad-rail having and a wide and thin bilaterally-symmetricalhead, and a base ha thick edge ortions corresponding substantially tothe ge portions of the rail-head, in combination with a rail-sup orthaving a seat corresponding in shape to til) portion and ada ted toreceive the same.

8.. A railroa -rail having a web portion head, and a base ha thick edgeortions corresponding substantially to thee ge portions of therail-head, in lcombination with a rail-support having a seatcorresponding in ase shape tol the outer face and sides of the ortionand adapted to receive the same, and astening devices extending overthe'lupper face of such base portion.

In testimon whereof 1, the said WILLIAM GoLDpIE', have ereunto set myhand.

` GOLDIE.

Witnesses:

JAMES I; KAY, ROBERT vC. To'rrEN.

a web portion e outer 'face and sidesof` the base y 7o and a wide andthin bilaterally-symmetrical

